Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition marked by inflammation, dryness, and intense itching. It can affect people at any age but most often starts in childhood. While the exact cause remains unclear, eczema is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Those with eczema usually have an overactive immune system that reacts strongly to triggers such as irritants, allergens, or changes in climate, resulting in flare-ups.

Typical symptoms include red, dry, and scaly patches that may become cracked, ooze fluid, or thicken with repeated scratching. These flare-ups commonly occur on areas like the hands, elbows, knees, face, and scalp, though they can appear anywhere on the body. The itching can be severe, and constant scratching may worsen the irritation and increase the risk of skin infection.

Although eczema is not contagious, it can greatly affect daily comfort and emotional well-being. Treatment typically involves hydrating the skin, identifying and avoiding triggers, and using medications such as topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, or immune-modulating therapies. In more persistent cases, light therapy or immunosuppressants may be recommended. While there is currently no cure, ongoing care and symptom management can help individuals live comfortably and confidently with the condition.